According to SHRM, mission, vision, and values can be defined as follows: • Mission Mission is a concise explanation of the organization’s reason for existence. It describes the organization’s purpose and its overall intention. The mission statement supports the vision…
A systematic approach for the decentralized corporation to determine where best to invest its cash. Rather than rely on each business unit’s projections of its future prospects, the company can judge a unit by two factors that will determine whether…
The EEOC enforces Title I of the ADA. That agency will accept complaints of illegal discrimination based on mental or physical disability. Once an employee has established that he or she is disabled and claims that he or she has…
Someone with a disability doesn’t necessarily need a job accommodation. Remember that we select people and place them in jobs if they are qualified for the performance of the essential functions, with or without a job accommodation. Someone with diabetes…
An essential job function is defined as “a portion of a job assignment that cannot be removed from the job without significantly changing the nature of the job.” An essential function is highly specialized, and the incumbent has been hired…
Caring for oneself, seeing, hearing, touching, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, sitting, reaching, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, interacting with others, and working all are considered “major life activities.” Also included are major bodily functions such as…
Employers are required to consider as disabled anyone with a condition that “substantially limits,” but does not “significantly restrict,” a major life activity. Even though the limitation might be reduced or eliminated with medication or other alleviation, the treatment may…
Following the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Sutton v. United Airlines and in Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc., v. William, Congress felt that the Court had been too restrictive in its interpretation of who qualifies as disabled. It was the…
ADA Provisions and Protections Title I—Employment—applies to employers with 15 or more workers on the payroll. Those employers may not discriminate against a physically or mentally disabled individual in recruitment, hiring, promotions, training, pay, social activities, and other privileges of…
FLSA – Recordkeeping FLSA prescribes methods for determining whether a job is exempt or nonexempt from overtime pay requirements of the act. If a job is exempt from those requirements, incumbents can work as many hours of overtime as the…
Several strategic-planning processes begin with the extension of the annual operating budget into a typical five-year projection. This can be a valuable exercise, particularly for organizations that have operated on a yearly or even monthly planning cycle. Most organizations soon discover…
The Equal Pay Act (EPA) (Amendment to the FLSA) (1963) Equal pay requirements apply to all employers. The act is an amendment to the FLSA and is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). It prohibits employers from discriminating…
Congress took these actions in 2012 to amend the Railway Labor Act to change union certification election processes in the railroad and airline industries and impose greater oversight of the regulatory activities of the National Mediation Board (NMB). This law…
NLRB Decision & Order: Graphic Communications Conference/International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No. 735‒S and Bemis Company, Inc. Case 04‒CB‒215127 (June 5, 2020), 369 NLRB No. 97 “We find that Stasko engaged in protected activity when he participated in the…
Major activities involved with succession planning include: Determine what the requirements are for the key position and create profiles that outline responsibilities. The experience, education, career progress, and future career interests of managerial candidates should also be reviewed; The performance…
Labor unions can be divided into three levels: Local Unions National or Internation unions. The business representative performs a critical role in contract negotiations, grievance proceedings, and managing union headquarters. The union steward represents member interests and relations with a…
These steps should be taken in conducting a layoff: Select employees for layoff using seniority, performance, job classification, location, or skill. Ensure selected employees do not affect a protected class to avoid adverse or disparate impact. Review compliance with federal…
The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) identifies five types of employer practices that should be considered unfair labor practices. It is unfair for an employer to interfere in the activities of a union or prevent employees from taking any action…
Unfair Labor Practices are prohibited actions by law or the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ruling taken by either the union or management. First, charges of unfair labor practices must be filed within six months of the alleged practice and…
Attrition or restrictive hiring is the act of reducing the workforce by not replacing individuals who leave an organization. Only essential positions are filled. Attrition is used to avoid layoffs. A hard freeze means that all open positions will remain…
HR planning systems should support an organization’s business plan. Businesses must have a precise blend of knowledge, skills, and abilities among employees. HR Planning can be separated into three forecasting periods: Short-range planning involves projecting workforce staffing requirements. Middle-range planning…
Intergroup conflict refers to a clash between two or more teams, groups, or departments. This occurs when there are expressions of hostility or intentional interference with the opposing group’s activities. Causes of Intergroup conflict: competition for resources; opposing viewpoints; lack…
The International Labour Organization (ILO) was founded in 1919 to address working conditions. A part of the United Nations, the ILO is comprised of 187 member states. Its mission is to promote decent working conditions that include eliminating child labor,…
The five stages of group development developed by Bruce Tuckman are: Forming: superficial introductions and determining boundaries of acceptable behavior. Storming: the team must work through conflicts related to authority, vision and values, personality, and cultural differences. Norming: greater cooperation…
Four analytical steps in workforce planning: The supply model analysis, which reviews an organization’s current labor supply. The demand model analysis, which estimates future business plans and objectives. The gap analysis, which compares the variances in the supply and demand…
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was founded by Congress as part of the Wagner Act to defend and protect the right of employees, employers, unions, and the general public. The NLRB has two major functions: resolving unfair labor practices…
A Center of Excellence (COE) Human Resource Model features internal groups of consultants that have expertise in the different human resource functional areas, like payroll and benefits.
KPI stands for Key Performance Indicators. KPIs measure specific human resource activities that contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of a company. KPIs provide a company with quantitative measurements that can be used to examine qualities and actions that contribute…
To calculate this ratio: (number of human resources FTEs / Number of total FTEs) x 100 This ratio allows for the comparison of staffing levels among firms. In general, larger organizations employ more human resource professionals to meet the needs…
Self-Determination Theory identifies three core intrinsic motivators: Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness. Autonomy in this context focuses more on self-initiation and regulating one’s behavior toward task selection, organization, and completion. Competence involves the mastery of skills required to complete the work and…
Three Needs Theory David McClelland saw Motivation as primarily intrinsic and said that it arose from three main needs: Achievement Affiliation Power The Need for achievement involves embracing challenges, being goal-oriented, and taking calculated risks. The need for affiliation involves…
B.F. Skinner concluded that motivation is based on extrinsic factors such as reward and punishment. Employers can influence behavior through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcemen, which results in employees acting in certain ways to receive prizes or to avoid…
Herzberger’s Motivator Hygiene Theory Herzberger said an employee’s motivation is affected by both hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiee factors: are extrinsic and include salary, benefits, and work environment. Motivators are intrinsic and include growth and recognition. Herzberger discovered that…
Characteristics of a Transformational Leadership include: Charismatic: gains buy-in for the vision and mission, earns respect and trust, and enstills pride. Inspirational: communicates heightened performance expectations and encourages big-picture thinkin. Intellectual stimulating: promotes learing and development. Individualized consideration: coaches followers,…
Theory X + Theory Y of Leadership Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s,…
Attributes of Transformational leadership involve championing a shared vision with employees. Leaders inspires awareness of and dedication to the group’s mission. Followers are empowered by facts, resources, and support so that they can approacch work in a committed, concerned, and…
Attribution Theory by Fritz Heider and Bernard Weiner: Ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck for achieving success. “Weiner focused his attribution theory on achievement (Weiner, 1974). He identified ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as the most important factors…
An inclusive leader supports staff development; demonstrates confidence; holds employees accountable; sets personal interest aside; seeks contribution from others; learns from criticism; admits mistakes.
The FLSA is one of a handful of federal laws that establish the foundation for employee treatment. It is a major influence on how people are paid, in the employment of young people, and in how records are to be…
This was the first attempt by Congress to involve local communities early in the private sector’s downsizing process. It also prevented employers from just shutting the door and walking away without any worker benefits. It applies to all employers with…